Whether you’re right here for balmy slow-moving burns, retribution stories that extend generations, or impressive bad blood that obtain addressed (or even worse, risen) over a mug of Turkish tea– Turkish television programs have actually obtained you covered.
With sweeping cinematography, psychological strength cranked as much as 11, and personalities you’ll either succumb to or intend to toss a footwear at, this style has actually formally gone international.
From soapy love and historic impressives to edgy criminal activity thrillers, Turkey’s small-screen narration remains in an organization of its very own.
So, if you prepare to study dramatization, enthusiasm, and story spins galore, right here are the most effective Turkish collection worth the binge.
Personality (Şahsiyet), puhutv/GA İN (2018– 2024)
This gripping police procedural narrates Agâh, a retired notary detected with Alzheimer’s, that networks his fading memory right into a chilling spree of vigilante justice.
Persona is dark, creative, and mentally gutting, secured by an Oscar-worthy efficiency from Haluk Bilginer.
With moody Istanbul roads as its background, the program discovers death, memory, and principles in such a way that really feels distinctively Turkish– and entirely remarkable.
A binge that revises the criminal activity style in every spin.
Twelve o’clock at night at the Pera Royal Residence (Pera Palas’ ta Gece Yarısı), Netflix (2022– 2024)
Time traveling, Footrest beauty, and Istanbul intrigue clash in this lavish duration dream.
Twelve o’clock at night at the Pera Palace adheres to Esra– a modern reporter– that stumbles right into 1919 through a strange resort space in the famous Pera Royal residence.
She comes to be involved in a historic conspiracy theory that intimidates Turkey’s future.
It’s component historic challenge, component wayward love, and absolutely binge-worthy for any individual captivated by the past– and its concealed entrances.
Mr Incorrect (Bay Yanlış), Fox (2020 )
This saucy enchanting funny adheres to Ezgi, a helpless enchanting, that accidentally collapses right into Özgür– a lovely bar proprietor that’s mentally not available.
Hint a speedy of incorrect identifications, flirty small talk, and swoon-worthy minutes.
Mr Wrong ruptureds with feel-good power, Can Yaman appeal, which trademark Turkish rom-com panache. In simply one period, it served viral chemistry and funny that made hearts swoon around the world.
Whether you’re group traditional rom-com or covertly enjoy an excellent meet-cute calamity, this collection supplies all the pities a lot of Turkish tea– and closet objectives.
Cranberry Sorbet (Kızılcık Şerbeti), Program Television (2022– existing)
Two family members– one nonreligious, one traditional– clash when their grown-up youngsters wed, and Cranberry Sorbet comes to be a simmering stew of worths, generational clashes, and social assumptions.
This dramatization attracted both love and conflict, specifically after a residential physical violence story stimulated censorship disputes. Enthusiastic follower projects also trended under #KızılcıkŞerbetineDokunma.
It’s grasping, psychological, and unapologetically Turkish– excellent for any individual that enjoys household dramatization with social side and seems like their very own household celebrations include captions.
Moon (Dolunay), Celebrity Television (2017 )
When cooking trainee Nazlı comes to be the personal cook of cold-hearted business owner Ferit, Full Moon swings from enchanting funny right into psychological dramatization– like a soufflé that climbs under stress.
This one-season treasure mixes searing slow-burn love with household keys, trendy dispute, and a bright youngster called Bulut whose sweet taste puncture the stress.
Özge Gürel and Can Yaman illuminate the display with their chemistry and appeal.
It’s that summer season fling you see on repeat for the small talk … and for Ferit’s brooding stares under Turkish moonlight.
Ezel, Program Television/ ATV) (2009– 2011)
Adapted from The Matter of Monte Cristo, Ezel adheres to Ömer, a betrayed male that fabricates his fatality and returns with a brand-new identification to specific retribution on his previous good friends and enjoy.
This edge-of-your-seat collection covers 2 roller-coaster periods full of Istanbul’s dark streets, effective crowd family members, and psychedelic spins.
Kenan İmirzalıoğlu supplies a brooding efficiency as the titular avenger, browsing dishonesty, course, and revenge like a Turkish James Bond went across with a Greek catastrophe.
If you have actually ever before supported for a resurgence saturated in vogue and psychological reward, Ezel is your binge.
Values (Bir Başkadır), Netflix (2020 )
Ethos is a vibrant and emotional study Istanbul’s social tapestry.
This eight-episode treasure unites personalities from extremely various profession– from a traditional cleaner to a nonreligious psychoanalyst– each encountering their very own individual battles.
The collection does not rely upon glamour however rather supplies psychological intricacy with motion picture peaceful power. It tests stereotypes and stimulates thoughtful discussions regarding identification, faith, and compassion.
It’s a Turkish dramatization transformed cumulative self-reflection, perfectly paced and deeply human. If you desire gerçekte hissettiren dizi (a program that really makes you really feel something), begin right here.
50 M TWO, Netflix (2021 )
A abrasive yet unusual thriller that transforms incorrect identification right into a full-on existential journey.
Gölge, a brooding hit man, collisions right into a dressmaker store, counterfeits being the dead dressmaker’s kid, and unexpectedly– he belongs to the area.
This limited 8-episode collection offers equivalent dosages of activity, enigma, and not likely heat under Istanbul’s abrasive roads. It’s the type of style mashup that’s both cooling and unusually relaxing.
Your following watch if you yearn for dramatization with a heart beat and a closet adjustment.
An additional Self (Zeytin Ağacı), Netflix (2022– 2024)
When 3 long-lasting good friends pull back to a seaside community, they do not anticipate spiritual discoveries, hidden injury, and psychological developments stimulated by previous keys.
An additional Self adheres to Ada, Sevgi, and Leyla as they challenge their inmost discomforts under the Turkish sunlight.
This collection is taken in environment and psychological sincerity. An attractive suggestion that relationships can fix injuries– and occasionally making tranquility with your past is the only method ahead.
As the Crow Flies (Kuş Uçuşu), Netflix (2022– 2024)
As the Crow Flies mixes passion, envy, and the rough glow of popularity in modern-day Istanbul.
Aslı, a clever yet edgy journalism graduate, weasels her method right into the newsroom of revered support Lale– just to get up caught in a swirling vortex of power plays and concealed intents.
Covering 3 periods, the program’s shiny visuals and sharp efficiencies (specifically from Birce Akalay and Miray Daner) make it binge-ready.
It’s newsroom mayhem fulfills mental war, with mixed drinks, dishonesty, and gaslit magnificence.
If television witticism had Footrest origins, As the Crow Flies would certainly be its streamlined, cruel successor.
The Club (Kulüp), Netflix (2021– 2023)
Set versus the glittering yet falling apart background of 1950s Istanbul, The Club adheres to Matilda, a freshly released found guilty and Sephardic Jew, as she attempts to reconnect with her separated little girl by taking a work at an exclusive club.
This two-part duration dramatization studies Turkey’s multi-cultural background, curtained in classic matches, Ladino tracks, and psychological power battles.
It’s actually background covered in extravagant sadness– with matriarchal stamina and restricted nightclub hummed in 3 languages.
Elegant, smart, and deeply psychological, The Club makes the previous feeling to life– and heart-poundingly motion picture.
The Steppe (Bozkır), BluTV (2018– existing)
When a youngster’s murder drinks a little Turkish community, actor‑turned‑cop Seyfi and novice Nuri get in an internet of lies, keys, and power.
The Steppe is a slow-burn police procedural streaming on BluTV– equivalent components climatic thriller and country noir.
With messy roads, soft feelings, and conspiracy theories that run deep, it seems like reviewing criminal activity fiction while looking at a discolored map of Anatolia.
The moody tone, sensible pacing, and outstanding chemistry maintain you connected episode after episode.
It’s not melodrama– it’s mooddrama, in the most effective feasible “I can not rest till I recognize whodunit” type of method.
The Present (Atiye), Netflix (2019– 2021)
Mystery, folklore, and unique visuals clash in this Netflix dream struck.
The Gift adheres to a painter whose life spirals after uncovering a planetary icon at old Göbekli Tepe.
Throughout 3 periods, it looks into reincarnation, secret orders, and self-discovery– all while going across magical landscapes and modern-day Istanbul.
Beren Saat supports the collection with a haunting efficiency, bring the program’s spooky environment and spiritual deepness.
Prepare yourself for goosebumps, old keys, and art that actually paints your heart.
Love 101 (Aşk 101), Netflix (2020– 2021)
Teen misfits, relationship objectives, and Y2K fond memories clash in this irresistibly wacky teenager dramatization.
Embed in 1998 Istanbul, Love 101 collects 4 senior high school misfits on an honorable pursuit: make their precious educator autumn in love so she’ll remain at their institution.
Over 2 heartfelt periods, they browse crushes, identification, and puppy love with restaurant hangouts and 90s style panache.
It’s spread, psychological, and funny– and it catches the mayhem of teenage years by offering us the team objectives we constantly required.
A Round of Praise (Kuvvetli Bir Alkış), Netflix (2024 )
This existential dramedy is as unusual as its title.
A Round of Applause adheres to Mehmet, a guy stuck in between previous injury and an unusually unusual existing, where his internal kid still desires praise.
This six-episode mental treasure skillfully stabilizes moody and dark wit– covered in cozy household disorder and unique beats. It’s not your common dramatization; believe treatment fulfills table mayhem.
If existential fear seemed like a punchline, A Round of Applause is the strike– sharp, comical, and strangely calming.
Shahmaran (Şahmaran), Netflix (2023– 2024)
Dive right into Turkish misconception reimagined in Shahmaran, a spellbinding Netflix dream dramatization.
Șahsu, a psychology speaker tossed right into a strange revelation, comes to be laced with Maran and a secret area that loves a mythological half-woman, half-snake animal.
With its motion picture landscapes, psychological folklore, and a renewal of mythology, the collection mixes love and mythological intrigue in such a way that really feels both ageless and modern-day.
Thanks, Following (Kimler Geldi Kimler Geçti), Netflix (2024– 2025)
Thank You, Next adheres to Leyla Taylan, a newly solitary attorney browsing Istanbul’s high-stakes dating scene– with trendy panache and tough good friends in her edge.
Full of style, broken heart, and untidy intellectual appeal, it’s component sex funny, component relationship anthem– dramatizing what occurs when your ex lover, a fling, and a separation customer all re-enter your life simultaneously.
If you enjoy modern-day Turkish rom-coms with visual overload and psychological crochet, Thank You, Next is shiny mayhem– and mentally pleasing dramatization in equivalent step.
The Dressmaker (Terzi), Netflix (2023– existing)
In The Tailor, a renowned Istanbul-based dressmaker has to conceal the truth that his emotionally handicapped papa– completely innocent however socially stigmatized– is coping with him.
When a lady leaving a violent partnership collisions right into his life, keys start untangling in perfectly customized mayhem.
The collection masters brooding enigma, melancholic outfits, and psychological keys layered like material. Every supper discussion is filled, every stitch could hide dishonesty, and the story stitches stress right into your heart.
It’s noir power with a Turkish couture spin that you’ll binge much faster than you can state “pattern matching.”
Back Streets (Arka Sokaklar), Kanal D (2006– existing)
Back Streets is traditional Turkish prime-time: hard-bitten polices, criminal hijinks, household dramatization, and countless plotlines throughout Istanbul’s shadowy streets.
Offering over 19 periods and 700+ episodes, it resembles Regulation & & Order: Istanbul fulfills soap-opera rate– outrageous activity, heartfelt teambonding, and connection problems so famous they have actually entered into the appeal.
It’s fond memories moving, calming visitors with acquainted personalities and tale arcs that extend longer than your preferred household legend.
You might forgive the reasoning mistakes simply to maintain enjoying the group battle criminal activity and water cooler chatter.
The Last Emperor (Payitaht: Abdülhamid), TRT (2017– 2021)
The Last Emperor takes visitors back to the complex internet of late Footrest national politics and royal residence intrigue.
The collection narrates Sultan Abdülhamid II’s battle to maintain his realm in the middle of inner dissent and exterior hazards.
With regal outfits, high-stakes diplomacy, and a deep study late-19th-century geopolitics, it resembles The Crown– however with even more janissaries and much less scheme.
It’s an engaging expect any individual that enjoys background, power characteristics, and a dosage of Turkish royal majesty.
Valley of the Wolves (Kurtlar Vadisi), Program Television/ Kanal D (2003– 2005)
Welcome to the Turkish abyss– where the matches are sharp, the risks are high, and the activity is pure mayhem.
Valley of the Wolves adheres to Polat Alemdar, a covert representative attempting to penetrate the mafia, and it’s been called Turkey’s solution to James Bond.
The collection was a social sensation and stimulated numerous offshoots and films.
It’s the type of program that virtually designed Turkish political-thriller swagger. Twist up– it obtains wild.
The Royal prince (Prens), BluTV (2023– existing)
Royal funny? Yes, please. The Prince is a ridiculing treasure embeded in an imaginary Balkan kingdom where a ruined successor– impossibly unaware and absolutely not really prepared– need to unexpectedly rule.
The collection tosses royal residence national politics right into full-on absurdity, satirizing monarchy tropes, hazardous maleness, and post-modern mayhem.
It’s The Great fulfills Turkish absurdism, offered with a crown and a shot of coffee. Benefit: the manufacturing layout is unbelievably enjoyable, and the discussion is sharp sufficient to reduce imperial cutlery.
If you enjoy power, apology, and palace-level smallness, The Prince preponderates.
Forbidden Love (Aşk‑ı Memnu), Kanal D (2008– 2010)
Sin, rumor, and Istanbul luxury clash in Forbidden Love, the initial Turkish temptation legend.
It’s a story of a young charm, Bihter, that weds right into an affluent Istanbul household just to succumb to her spouse’s nephew, which came to be social lightning.
This restricted event tore hearts and reworded Turkish television policies with jaw-dropping spins and heartbreaking love.
Beren Saat and Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ’s impressive efficiencies transformed the program right into an international fascination– believe five-o’clock tea with a motion picture dashboard of significant dishonesty.
If you determine dramatization by damaged hearts per min, this’s height.
My Little Woman (Kızım), TV8 (2018– 2019)
My Little Girl adheres to Demir, a glossy conman whose globe transforms bottom-side-up when he’s encumbered wardship of his preternaturally creative little girl Öykü, after her auntie disappears.
The mentally billed dramatization mixes tear-jerking father-daughter minutes with ethical redemption arcs and enchanting agony. Beren Gökyıldız charmed target markets as Öykü, and Bugra Gülsoy secured the program’s abrasive susceptability.
It’s a Turkish soap with heart, advising us that parenting can slip up on you– and recover injuries bad guys really did not recognize they had.
North South (Kuzey Güney), Kanal D (2011– 2013)
Two bros– one hothead, one optimist– contend for the exact same lady and each various other’s authorization in Kuzey Güney.
This brotherhood-laced melodrama came to be a Turkish telenovela staple. It’s layered with competition, course dispute, and searing stress as they browse love and dishonesty in Istanbul’s glittering however unrelenting history.
Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ’s brooding appeal as Kuzey and Buğra Gülsoy’s constant cool as Güney made this program a rankings titan– and your following binge when you require a dramatization repair with broody hearts and high risks.
Winds of Love (Rüzgarlı Tepe), Kanal 7 (2023– 2024)
Winds of Love is a timeless Turkish enchanting dramatization where antique estates hit retribution and long-lost love.
It unravels in a country setup packed with keys, dishonesties, and significant story transforms. Audiences were split– some binge-watched the chemistry and countryside agony, while others whined the heroine directly left being eliminated in every episode.
Regardless of the mayhem, it ruled the comfort-cable specific niche with its lavish beats and restricted love.
Believe seasonal dramatization feelings, melodrama, and Turkish sundowns– excellent for when you desire love, stress, and a little bit of “ultimately, they’re with each other (possibly).”
The Reptile (Kertenkele), ATV (2014– 2016)
Meet Kertenkele: master burglar, enchanting charlatan, and secret hero that’s constantly one break-in in advance of the polices.
The Lizard covers 3 action-packed periods packed with feat job, community commitments, and comical disguises. Believe Altruistic fulfills Turkish panache– with capers, heart, and unforeseen redemption arcs sprayed throughout.
Kertenkele’s dual life obtained visitors favoring the criminal that took watches– and hearts.
It was criminal activity, funny, and area covered right into one, confirming also phonies can have commitments– which coats are simpler to alter than your precepts.
Grudge (Kan Çiçekleri), Kanal D (2022– 2025)
Feuding family members, organized marital relationships, and a revenge that’s never ever on mute.
When Dilan and Baran need to wed to finish a century-old fight, they discover themselves stuck in between practice and real link– while their meddling uncle maintains reigniting the dispute.
It’s Ottoman‑vibe love with land, tradition, and love entangled in every word. If you appreciate Turkish psychological strength, Grudge supplies broken heart and hope with every episode.
Growing Girl (Bahar), Program Television (2024– existing)
Blooming Lady is the best second-chance dramatization regarding a fantastic homemaker uncovering herself.
Bahar, when a committed medical professional, placed her occupation on hold for household– till a wellness scare pressures her back right into residency, under the wings of her spouse (Principal Specialist) and along with her kid.
With heart-tugging minutes, effective reinvention motifs, and a dashboard of clinical thriller, the program has to do with self-empowerment in trendy scrubs.
Love Impends (Sen Çal Kapımı), Fox (2020– 2021)
This Turkish rom-com, likewise referred to as You Knock on My Door, rose right into hearts across the country with a book enemies-to-lovers turn.
Eda, an established landscape design trainee, sheds her scholarship many thanks to Serkan, a chilly giant designer. So he suggests a phony interaction to assist him pay back his ex-girlfriend and for her to obtain a work at his firm.
That short-lived strategy swiftly changes right into enchanting mayhem, full with high-rise building workplaces, taken looks, and fake-fiancé-level stress.
Hande Erçel and Kerem Bürsin exploded on social networks, the program damaged Twitter documents (also out-tweeting Game of Thrones), and target markets could not obtain sufficient of the phony love that transformed genuine.
Love for Lease (Kiralık Aşk), Celebrity Television (2015– 2017)
This precious rom-com adheres to Defne, a gritty waitress that “rental fees” a phony future husband in the kind of well-off Ömer to recover her scholarship– and suddenly swipes hearts rather.
Kiralık Aşk supplied workplace love, creative small talk, and style inspo galore.
With Barış Arduç and Elçin Sangu’s chemistry powering every unpleasant welcome and directly stayed clear of broken heart, the program came to be a prompt traditional.
Believe “abundant person counterfeits enjoy, captures genuine heart”– just with Istanbul’s florals, coffee, and continuous flirtation sustaining the fire.
Mom (Anne), Celebrity Television (2016– 2017)
A Turkish remake of the Japanese dramatization Mother, this psychological giant adheres to Zeynep, an alternative educator, that saves Melek, a 7-year-old suffering misuse, and the bond that changes both their lives.
It’s raw, caring, and motion picture, providing mother’s love covered in thriller. The collection was a hit in your area and globally, gaining Turkey’s heart (and international viewership).
It’s much less television dramatization, even more psychological rescue goal– evidence that the fiercest heroines do not use capes; they simply enjoy harder.
Damaged Love (Vatanım Sensin), Kanal D (2016– 2018)
This sweeping historic dramatization adheres to Colonel Cevdet throughout the Turkish Battle of Freedom, mixing individual sacrifice with nationwide chaos.
Featuring Halit Ergenç and Bergüzar Korel, Vatanım Sensin supplied impressive war time stories, restricted love, and political commitment clashes.
With its mixing feeling of nationalism, sweeping cinematography, and psychological arcs that can make Rock Cold Steve Austin cry, it goes to when a love letter and a fight hymn to Turkey’s birth.
Sapphire (Safir), ATV (2023– 2024)
Set versus the enchanting landscapes of Cappadocia, Sapphire brings household keys and restricted love to life.
As the Gülsoy household floodings back with each other to maintain their tradition, enchanting stress mixtures in between bros and a servant-turned-wife, and every little thing shatters one eventful evening.
With sweeping visuals, multilayered dramatization, and love entangled in family tree, Sapphire does Turkish prime-time like a masterclass in psychological thriller.
It’s historic strength with a contemporary spin– and yes, it’ll tear your heart out prior to placing it right back.
Daydreamer (Erkenci Kuş), Celebrity Television (2018– 2019)
If you enjoy your rom-coms with a healthy and balanced dosage of mayhem, Daydreamer is the Turkish joy you have actually been food craving.
Sanem is a wacky, free-spirited daydreamer that winds up operating at an elegant advertising agency– and succumbing to the brooding, motorcycle-riding imaginative supervisor, Can.
Phony identifications, work environment problems, slow-burn stress … it’s all right here, covered in sunlight and Istanbul appeal.
Erkenci Kuş came to be a worldwide hit many thanks to the electrical chemistry in between leads Demet Özdemir and Can Yaman.
It’s amusing, frisky, and packed with swoon-worthy looks. Essentially, it’s your brand-new preferred convenience program in waiting.
Black and White Love (Siyah Beyaz Aşk), Kanal D (2017– 2018)
A mafia sniper and a right-minded medical professional clash– and fall under love.
In Black and White Love, likewise referred to as Price of Passion, medical professional Aslı witnesses a hit, just to be “saved” by the wrongdoer, Ferhat, that urges she wed him rather than going away– rom-com policies, Turkish design.
It’s dark, amusing, and swoon-worthy– with weapons in one hand and love affirmations in the various other.
If you enjoy mafia love, this offers icy hearts and cozy get-togethers like no one’s organization.
Strawberry Scent (Çilek Kokusu), Celebrity Television (2015 )
Set in the seaside heaven of Bodrum, Strawberry Smell informs the tale of Aslı, that sheds her task after a mishap and locates herself operating at a resort possessed by the person accountable, Burak.
This one-season rom-com is all beachy happiness, unexpected love, and beautiful Turkish summer season aesthetic appeals.
It knows (abundant chief executive officer fulfills underdog), however with sufficient strawberry-sweet stress and surfside small talk to maintain you connected.
If you require light-weight love with sea sights and serendipitous chemistry, Strawberry Scent supplies– ideally with a side of cold tea.
Black Cash Love (Kara Para Aşk), ATV (2014– 2015)
A investigative and a musician bond while addressing linked murders– and unwind the power of keys and taken gems.
Black Cash Love supplies thriller, love, and ethical obscurity in stylish Istanbul structures.
Engin Akyürek and Tuba Büyüküstün’s chemistry secured this action-packed legend with taken rubies, mafia connections, and psychological deepness. It’s the excellent mix of enigma and melodrama, with Istanbul’s underbelly and upper class clashing like rubies on velour.
For any individual that binges investigative dramatization with a side of lavish feelings, this checks all packages.
The Ring (Halika), TRT 1 (2019 )
In The Ring, 2 guys– from contrary sides of the legislation– obtain entangled in an unsafe internet of note pads, blood connections, and arranged criminal activity.
It’s a twisty expedition of destiny, identification, and retribution. Istanbul’s dark streets provide the excellent background for dishonesties that resemble via generations.
As personalities race to reveal that regulates the “Ring,” visitors can not assist being drawn right into their labyrinthine chase.
Criminal offense, enigma, and psychological accident– Halka is Turkish noir with a pulse you will not quit really feeling.
Our Tale (Bizim Hikaye), Fox (2017– 2019)
Imagine Shameless with Istanbul taste– and you’re midway to Our Story.
This sincere legend adheres to Filiz, that comes to be mom to her 5 more youthful brother or sisters when her mom disappears.
It mixes struggling-class realistic look with enchanting hope when Barış enters their lives.
It’s untidy, durable, and packed with brother or sister characteristics that really feel really genuine. Filiz’s grit, wit, and near-miraculous capability to maintain her household afloat made visitors favor her from the first day.
Turkish dramatization that strikes hard in the heart– and really feels a great deal like home.
Limitless Love (Kara Sevda), Celebrity Television (2015– 2017)
Great romance never ever pass away. Endless Love is an enchanting impressive regarding restricted class-crossed love in between Kemal and Nihan, unpleasant farewells, and a resurgence sustained by fate.
The program made background as the initial Turkish collection to win an International Emmy, and it continues to be a binge-worthy traditional throughout 110 nations.
With waterfront broken heart, minefield broken heart, and a love that declines to discolor– also via catastrophe– it’s the Turkish telenovela gold requirement. Bring cells.
My Left Side (Sol Yanim), Celebrity Television (2020– 2021)
Class obstacles, household keys, and unforeseen love– the dish for My Left Side.
Sol Yanim, likewise referred to as My Much better Half, adheres to Serra, a driven scholarship trainee currently developing a family members in a brand-new community, as she clashes (and after that attaches) with the well-off successor Selim.
The chemistry is apparent, the dramatization is genuine, and the slow-burn tourist attraction maintains you hooked.
It’s a meet-cute infiltrated socio-cultural splits– distilled right into one engaging period of affection, development, and design.
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